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Age Dependency of the Prognostic Impact of Tumor Genomics in Localized Resectable MYCN-Nonamplified Neuroblastomas. Report From the SIOPEN Biology Group on the LNESG Trials and a COG Validation Group

1 nov. 2020Journal of Clinical Oncology

DOI : 10.1200/jco.18.02132

Auteurs

Inge M. Ambros, Gian-Paolo Tonini, Ulrike Pötschger, Nicole Gross, Véronique Mosseri, Klaus Beiske, Ana P. Berbegall, Jean Bénard, Nick Bown, Huib Caron, Valérie Combaret, Jerome Couturier, Raffaella Defferrari, Olivier Delattre, Marta Jeison, Per Kogner, John Lunec, Barbara Marques, Tommy Martinsson, Katia Mazzocco, Rosa Noguera, Gudrun Schleiermacher, Alexander Valent, Nadine Van Roy, Eva Villamon, Dasa Janousek, Ingrid Pribill, Evgenia Glogova, Edward F. Attiyeh, Michael D. Hogarty, Tom F. Monclair, Keith Holmes, Dominique Valteau-Couanet, Victoria Castel, Deborah A. Tweddle, Julie R. Park, Sue Cohn, Ruth Ladenstein, Maja Beck-Popovic, Bruno De Bernardi, Jean Michon, Andrew D. J. Pearson, Peter F. Ambros

Résumé

PURPOSE

For localized, resectable neuroblastoma without MYCN amplification, surgery only is recommended even if incomplete. However, it is not known whether the genomic background of these tumors may influence outcome.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Diagnostic samples were obtained from 317 tumors, International Neuroblastoma Staging System stages 1/2A/2B, from 3 cohorts: Localized Neuroblastoma European Study Group I/II and Children’s Oncology Group. Genomic data were analyzed using multi- and pangenomic techniques and fluorescence in-situ hybridization in 2 age groups (cutoff age, 18 months) and were quality controlled by the International Society of Pediatric Oncology European Neuroblastoma (SIOPEN) Biology Group.

RESULTS

Patients with stage 1 tumors had an excellent outcome (5-year event-free survival [EFS] ± standard deviation [SD], 95% ± 2%; 5-year overall survival [OS], 99% ± 1%). In contrast, patients with stage 2 tumors had a reduced EFS in both age groups (5-year EFS ± SD, 84% ± 3% in patients < 18 months of age and 75% ± 7% in patients ≥ 18 months of age). However, OS was significantly decreased only in the latter group (5-year OS ± SD in < 18months and ≥ 18months, 96% ± 2% and 81% ± 7%, respectively; P = .001). In < 18months, relapses occurred independent of segmental chromosome aberrations (SCAs); only 1p loss decreased EFS (5-year EFS ± SD in patients 1p loss and no 1p loss, 62% ± 13% and 87% ± 3%, respectively; P = .019) but not OS (5-year OS ± SD, 92% ± 8% and 97% ± 2%, respectively). In patients ≥ 18 months, only SCAs led to relapse and death, with 11q loss as the strongest marker (11q loss and no 11q loss: 5-year EFS ± SD, 48% ± 16% and 85% ± 7%, P = .033; 5-year OS ± SD, 46% ± 22% and 92% ± 6%, P = .038).

CONCLUSION

Genomic aberrations of resectable non– MYCN-amplified stage 2 neuroblastomas have a distinct age-dependent prognostic impact. Chromosome 1p loss is a risk factor for relapse but not for diminished OS in patients < 18 months, SCAs (especially 11q loss) are risk factors for reduced EFS and OS in those > 18months. In older patients with SCA, a randomized trial of postoperative chemotherapy compared with observation alone may be indicated.