Advances on Human Topoisomerases IIIA and IIIB, the Most Ancestral and Least Known Topoisomerases

Human cells encode 6 topoisomerases to regulate the topology of nucleic acids. While yeast has only one Top3, mammals encode two Type IA topoisomerases: topoisomerase III alpha (TOP3A) and topoisomerase III beta (TOP3B). We will review the importance of these two enzymes and present new insights on their biochemistry, molecular structure, and biological functions for replicating the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes (TOP3A) and for RNA metabolism and R-loop dissolution (TOP3B).

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